PayPal readies itself for Mobile-Commerce

Already claiming to be the leader in mobile payments, PayPal has announced it had optimized its Express Checkout service for mobile devices. The new mobile service caps a busy week for PayPal that included the disclosure that alternative-payment provider Bling Nation Ltd. is developing a PayPal application. PayPal also added a feature to its new Adaptive Payments service that lets consumers pay merchants with a credit card while within an application, regardless whether the consumer has a PayPal account.

Like the existing Express Checkout, PayPal’s new Mobile Express Checkout is aimed at online merchants that already have a payment card merchant account but want to add PayPal as an acceptance option. Mobile Express Checkout has the same pricing as Express Checkout, 2.2% to 2.9% of the sale plus 30 cents for merchants with $100,000 or less in monthly sales; micropayments, sales of less than $10, are charged 5% plus 5 cents.

With the optimized Express Checkout service, mobile merchants get a better user experience on their smart phones or other mobile devices, according to Anuj Nayar, San Jose, Calif.-based PayPal’s director of global communications. The first iteration of Mobile Express Checkout is adapted for Apple Inc.’s iPhone and Google Inc.’s Android 2.0, an increasingly popular mobile-device operating system with merchants. Nayar says PayPal will adapt the new service to the other major mobile platforms, including Microsoft Corp.’s Windows Mobile and that used by Research in Motion Ltd.’s BlackBerry.

PayPal identified test merchants as Buy.com Inc., which is already using the system, and Nike Inc., which will implement it soon. Mobile Express Checkout will be available to PayPal’s other merchants later this summer.

The optimized service puts PayPal in a position to capture even more mobile transactions than it already is as payments through smart phones and new devices such as Apple’s iPad explode. The eBay Inc. subsidiary says it has been offering mobile payments since 2005 and processed $25 million in such payments in 2008, $141 million in 2009, and expects to exceed $500 million this year. More than 5 million PayPal users will be using mobile devices for PayPal transactions, Nayar adds. “This is the next great step for us to open it up for users to shop on the mobile Web,” he says. “The time has come for mobile purchases.” Nayar would not break down the existing mobile volume into person-to-person payments and on- and off-eBay merchant sales.

A study released this week by the National Retail Federation’s Shop.org e-commerce division and done by Forrester Research Inc. says surveyed retailers are generating only 2% of their online revenues through mobile devices or applications. Earlier this year, Cambridge, Mass.-based Forrester forecast that U.S. online retailing would generate $173 billion in revenues in 2010. Thus, mobile commerce may be in line to produce $3.46 billion in payment volume.

Many retailers have done little to promote m-commerce, but that seems likely to change soon. Only 2% of 59 Forrester’s responding retailers said they had “easy payment options” when asked about what kinds of information and alerts they offer customers on their mobile applications or mobile Web sites. When asked about what kinds of new information and alerts they planned for 2010, however, 24% mentioned “easy payment options.”

Meanwhile, the Bling Nation payment system, which recruits local banks and merchants to create closed-loop merchant networks with customers paying via mobile phones, disclosed that it is developing a PayPal application through the new PayPal X platform for third-party software developers. Bling is testing the application in Palo Alto, Calif., where it is headquartered. The application is notable because it’s a departure from Bling’s locally focused model so far, and it also represents a major extension of PayPal, the king of e-commerce, to the physical point of sale.

On that latter point, Nayar says Bling, not PayPal, is leading the way. PayPal has consistently denied it has intentions on traditional POS payment processing. “They came in through that [PayPal X] door,” Nayar says. “We’re very interested to see what they do with that, but it’s very early stages.”

Nayar notes that LiveOps Inc., a call-center outsourcing firm, got PayPal into the payroll business by using a PayPal app to pay several thousand temps working for a fundraiser sponsored by the American Idol television show. “PayPal X takes us into all sorts of areas that we weren’t in before,” he says.

Auditors under FSA fire

Auditors were just too willing to follow management's line before the crisis the UK Financial Services Authority has charged. Now the FSA has outlined plans to bring auditors under closer supervision, arguing that they had failed to challenge dubious accounting practices in the run-up to the financial crisis, in a discussion paper published this week with the Financial Reporting Council, the UK accounting regulator.

As examples of recent accounting failures, the FSA said, "A credit institution incorrectly netted down derivatives in the balance sheet leading to a misstatement of circa £900 billion... A thematic review recently undertaken on arrears reporting revealed errors by 29 out of 30 of the credit institutions investigated."

Most auditors had done decent jobs, the regulator wrote, but it reiterated that "it is the auditor's responsibility to challenge management when it believes the disclosures are inappropriate". The FSA listed several areas where, it said, auditors had been too ready to accept management's accounts at face value.

Its own research, the FSA said, "has led it to question whether auditors are sufficiently skeptical when challenging management's basis for determining the models and assumptions used to derive ranges of fair-value estimates - in particular, the selection of particular estimates from within such ranges of probable estimates - where key inputs may be unobservable." In particular, fair-value accounting and the calculation of credit valuation adjustments showed more variation between and even within firms than was justifiable. "This diversity should trigger auditors to be more skeptical and to challenge management's judgments about modeling approaches and inputs," the FSA added.

In loan-loss provisioning, too, the FSA said it had seen more variation than seemed justified, adding: "Bank auditors should have placed greater importance on the disclosure requirements in 2007 and 2008. This could have mitigated some of the uncertainties that unsettled the markets."

In future, the FSA suggested, it could impose stricter reporting requirements on auditors, including more frequent meetings, higher transparency requirements, and trilateral meetings between auditors, bank audit committees and the FSA. It might also require all regulatory returns to be audited - it noted that the rate of errors is significantly lower in the returns of insurers, for whom this is already a requirement.

EU and US sign SWIFT bank data deal to curb terrorism

An agreement has been made between the European Union (EU) and authorities in the US to allow the sharing of bank data via the SWIFT network as part of a wider anti-terrorism strategy.

The deal, which is still awaiting approval from the European Parliament (EP), will allow financial data to be passed to the Treasury Department in the US to facilitate the tracking and potential prosecution of supposed terrorists.

Subject to EP approval, the agreement will initially last for five years before being renewed on an annual basis.

Michael Dodman, US Embassy's economic officer to the EU, said negotiations behind the agreement had been “very long and intense”.

“It is a very solid agreement and we want it to be applied fully as it is important for the security of the EU and the US,” he explained.

Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba, Spanish minister for home affairs, signed the agreement on behalf of the EU while Mr Dodman represented the US in the agreement. The arrangement has been provisionally drawn up following the rejection of a similar working relationship by the EP in February of this year.

Many of the contentious issues, which concerned privacy and data protection, have been removed from the new deal, the body explained.

MBNA unveils mobile banking to 5 million card-holders

Credit card provider MBNA has launched a new account facility enabling customers to check their balance using a mobile phone.

A new system from the Bank of America subsidiary has been rolled out to all UK customers that allows the checking of balance, transaction and bill details through the use of short-code text number 83838.

The Mobile Banking Text service is the first of its kind in the UK and comes as demand for mobile banking continues to gather pace. Speaking about the new account feature, Ian Craig, Sales, Service and Operations executive for Bank of America Europe Card Services, said: “Our customers’ needs and expectations are changing — they want greater control and choice in managing their finances, and they want to do so in a way that fits their lifestyles.

“Newer technology, including mobile phone functionality, SMS, the Internet and voice recognition systems are transforming the way our customers expect us to interact with them. The Mobile Banking Text service is one of a number of exciting new improvements we will be making to our services.

“With this service, we are able to provide our customers with another way to bank that is simple, straightforward and puts their credit card information at their fingertips whenever they need it.”

Previously, only MBNA customers who own an iPhone or Blackberry were able to use their mobile phone to view account information, but with the introduction of the Mobile Banking Text service, all card-holders now have access. In total, over 5 million UK based account customers will be able to use the service that will be available on all cards provided by MBNA.

Societe Generale to set up Obopay m-banking solution in Senegal

Societe Generale is using a mobile banking solution from Obopay to offer banking services in Senegal. The technology-agnostic solution being used by Societe Generale marks the fourth country where Obopay’s m-banking solution are being used. Obopay also offers m-banking solutions in the United States, partnering with MasterCard and Citibank, as well as Verizon Wireless and AT&T Mobility, with Nokia in India and with a mobile operator in Kenya.

“In Senegal, traditional banking services are typically very limited; people can spend an entire day each month standing in line to pay for things like their utility services in cash,” said Richard Hababou, managing director of Societe Generale Innovations Group. “Yoban’tel by Obopay allows us to establish innovative and convenient mobile money transfer and payments for those Senegalese who have previously not had access to such services.”

Societe Generale also broadened its distribution channels with the Obopay solution, adding Credit Mutuel du Senegal, a micro-finance agency; Tigo, a mobile operator; and a satellite TV provider Canalsat Horizons. Users can enroll for a mobile payment service and load or pick up cash at these retail outlets as well as banks. “Eighty percent of the population has not had access to a bank account before,” said David Schwartz, head of product and corporate marketing at Redwood, Calif.-based Obopay. The solution uses SMS to enable mobile-phone users to transfer money or make payments.

Each one of Obopay’s deployments is a little different, as each one has a different regulatory environment, and each partnership is slightly different, which shows the flexibility of the solution. In Senegal and the United States, the major partnerships are with financial institutions, in Kenya, a mobile operator is the primary provider; in India, handset maker Nokia is the primary partner and as such, the solution comes preloaded on Nokia handsets, Schwartz said.

Other French-speaking countries could benefit from the service because Societe Generale has such a large reach, Schwartz said. The banking institution employs 157,000 people worldwide. Mobile banking solutions are expected to transform the way people work and live in developing countries because they will have access to cheap financial services. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation earmarked $12.5 million to power Mobile Money for the Unbanked, a program that works with industry players to overcome barriers in deploying m-banking services to the reported 1 billion users worldwide who have phones but no bank accounts.

Morgan Stanley decides to pay $102 million to stop investigation

Morgan Stanley has agreed to pay $102 million to end an investigation launched by Massachusetts prosecutors into the company’s unfair and deceptive lending practices.

According to the statement by Martha Coakley, the Massachusetts attorney general, Morgan Stanley which funded subprime loans throughout the US, improperly loaned billions of dollars to New Century which then sold loans to unqualified borrowers in the state. Morgan Stanley also packaged these risky loans and sold them to big investors like pension funds.

Coakley said that the settlement is ‘unprecedented’ and added that the amount would be divided between homeowners, taxpayers and state pension funds. Apart from this Morgan Stanley is also forced to overhaul parts of its lending practices by requiring more disclosure and demanding that the company stop funding "unfair subprime loans in Massachusetts," Coakley said.

Under the terms of the settlement Morgan Stanley will pay $58 million to affected Massachusetts borrowers and $23 million will go into an independent fund which will then cover the losses suffered by the Massachusetts Pension Reserves investment Trust and the Massachusetts Municipal Depository Trust funds. The state's taxpayers will receive $19.5 million, and $2 million will go to nonprofit groups that work with victims of subprime foreclosure in the state.

Massachusetts did not sue Morgan Stanley when it launched its probe. Under terms of the settlement, Morgan Stanley admitted to no wrongdoing.

"This has become an all-too-familiar pattern in which the deceptive practices of Wall Street devastated homeowners and investors, and ultimately contributed to the collapse of our economy," Coakley said in a news conference on Thursday.

She said that her investigation into unfair lending practices is continuing and that Morgan Stanley will provide information and materials needed by the office's investigators.

Bank of England publishes Financial Stability Report

The Bank of England published its bi-annual Financial Stability Report on 25 June. The Report is part of the delivery of the Bank’s strategy for its financial stability work, as set out in the Bank’s Annual Report 2010. The Report concentrates on the Bank’s assessment of conjunctural risks to financial stability. It was largely prepared ahead of the recent announcement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the Government’s plans to change the UK’s system of financial regulation.

The Financial Stability Report aims to identify key risks to UK financial stability and to stimulate debate on policies needed to manage and prepare for these risks. The Report is produced half-yearly by Bank staff under the guidance of the Bank's Financial Stability Executive Board, whose best collective judgment it represents, and following review by the Financial Stability Committee of the Court of Directors of the Bank of England.

Under the Banking Act, 2009 the Bank's financial stability objective is 'to contribute to protecting and enhancing the stability of the financial systems of the United Kingdom'. The Report is one vehicle to help it meet that objective.

In relation to current conditions, the Report notes that since December markets have focused increasingly on strains placed on sovereign balance sheets. In April, concerns over Greek sovereign risk spilled over to other European countries and developed rapidly into a generalized retreat from risk-taking. Inadequate transparency about sovereign exposures led to counterparty concerns and renewed strains in bank funding markets. In response, the IMF and European authorities put in place a substantial package of support. While these measures helped to stabilize conditions, market pressures have not yet abated. EU leaders also recently announced plans to publish the results of stress tests conducted on the largest European banks; this will be another important step.

In terms of resilience, the Report says that UK banks have raised their capital and liquidity buffers substantially, which has helped them weather recent tensions. But, in common with their peers, they face a number of challenges in the period ahead. UK banks need to maintain resilience in a difficult environment, while refinancing substantial sums of funding; they have a collective interest in providing sufficient lending to support economic recovery; and they will need over time to build larger buffers of capital and liquidity to meet more demanding future regulatory requirements. The new Basel regulatory regime will be agreed in the autumn. An extended transition to this new regime would enable banks to build resilience through greater retention of earnings, while sustaining lending. The new regime should include a buffer of capital which banks can use to absorb stresses, as well as a hard minimum. That buffer might need to vary over the cycle.

You can download the report at; http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/fsr/2010/fsrfull1006.pdf